Zaldivar-Riverón, A., Areekul, B., Shaw, M. R. & Quicke, D. L. J. (2004). Comparative morphology of the venom apparatus in the braconid wasp subfamily Rogadinae (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Braconidae) and related taxa. –Zoologica Scripta, 33, 223-237.
The morphology of the venom apparatus intima in representatives of 38 genera of the problematic braconid wasp subfamily Rogadinae and different cyclostome braconids was investigated and a preliminary phylogenetic evaluation for the group was carried out with the data obtained. Despite the restricted quantity of characters, the knowledge counsel a number of relationships at numerous taxonomic ranges.
The venom apparatus in the Clinocentrini and the Stiropiini is comparatively unmodified and much like that discovered in different genera beforehand positioned inside a broader idea of the Rogadinae (e.g. genera of Lysitermini, Pentatermini, Tetratermini, Hormiini) and additionally to that of the Betylobraconinae.
The presence of a cone of filaments situated inside the secondary venom duct close to to its insertion on the venom reservoir/main venom duct is proposed as a synapomorphy for the tribe Rogadini to the exclusion of Stiropiini, Clinocentrini and Yeliconini.
Other options of the secondary venom duct and its insertion on the venom reservoir/main venom duct assist a quantity of relationships between the genera of the Rogadini and additionally inside the massive genus Aleiodes. A clade containing 15 Rogadini genera (Bathoteca, Bathotecoides, Bulborogas, Canalirogas, Colastomion, Conspinaria, Cystomastacoides, Macrostomion, Megarhogas, Myocron, Pholichora, Rectivena, Rogas, Spinaria and Triraphis) is supported by the presence of a thickened and quick secondary venom duct, whereas the completely different members of Aleiodes (excluding members of the subgenus Heterogamus) and Cordylorhogas are distinguished by having a recessed secondary venom duct with well-defined and quite a few inner filaments.
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New World Rogas species exhibit a novel venom apparatus and might not be intently related to the Old World ones. Features of the venom apparatus of the enigmatic genus Telengaia and the exothecine genera Shawiana and Colastes counsel that the Telengainae and Exothecinae are each intently related to the Braconinae, Gnamptodontinae, and presumably to the Opiinae and Alysiinae. An unsculptured venom reservoir was discovered in one specimen of the kind species of Avga, A. choaspes, which is in line with it occupying both a really basal place inside the cyclostome braconids or belonging to a not too long ago acknowledged ‘Gondwanan’ clade that additionally consists of the Aphidiinae.
Discovery of Raphidioptera (Insecta: Neuropterida) in Xizang, China, with description of a brand new species of Inocellia Schneider.
The holometabolous order Raphidioptera is recorded from Xizang Autonomous Region for the first time. A brand new species of the household Inocelliidae, Inocellia tibetana sp. nov., from southeastern Xizang is described and its two sexes illustrated.
Based on the male gonocoxite 9 that’s longer than width of its base, the new species belongs to the I. fulvostigmata species-group, and it seems to be intently related to I. fulvostigmata U. Aspöck, Rausch H.
Aspöck, 1968. Both species are distributed close to the southern edge of the Himalayas. The male of the new species is characterised in the genitalia by the presence of a membranous, quick and digitiform gonostylus 9, the gonarcus (fused gonocoxites 11) subtriangular in caudal view dorsally with a pair of quick tubercular processes, and the discount of bristle tuft on the endophallus.